ROS formation driven by pyrite-mediated arsenopyrite oxidation and its potential role on arsenic transformation

Pyrite-mediated arsenopyrite oxidation is an important process affecting arsenic (As) mobility. The iron sulfides-induced reactive oxidation species (ROS) can exert significant influence on As transformation. However, the impact of pyrite-arsenopyrite association on ROS production and its contribution to As transformation were rarely estimated. Here, ROS formation and the redox conversion of As during the interaction between pyrite and arsenopyrite as function of O₂, pH and pyrite surface oxidation were investigated. Pyrite promoted arsenopyrite oxidation and As(III) oxidation due to heterogeneous electron transfer. The electron transfer from arsenopyrite facilitated O₂ reduction on pyrite surface with increasing ROS formation. Hydroxyl radical (HO˙), superoxide (O₂^•)^- and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were the main reactive species for As(III) oxidation. Iron (hydr)oxides produced from pyrite surface oxidation provided fast electron transfer channels for efficient O₂ reduction as evidenced by electrochemical experiment, further verifying the promoted effect of surface-oxidized pyrite (SOP) on arsenopyrite dissolution. However, total As and As(V) obviously decreased during SOP-mediated arsenopyrite oxidation. Iron (hydr)oxides retained appreciable As through adsorption to limit its mobility, and decreased HO˙ production to inhibit As(III) oxidation via decomposing H₂O₂. This work furthers our understanding of arsenic transformation in the environment which has important implications for mitigating arsenic pollution.