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Microbiology, a scientific field dedicated to the study of microorganisms, has undergone profound development since its inception in the 17th century. Its history is marked by key discoveries and technological advancements that have shaped our understanding of life at the microscopic level and transformed medicine, agriculture, and industry.Early Foundations of MicrobiologyThe early foundations of microbiology were built on groundbreaking observations and the development of pioneering...
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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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An introduction to human microbiome.

Bhabatosh Das1

  • 1Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|October 21, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, a complex microbial community, varies across body sites and individuals. Its disruption (dysbiosis) can impact health and treatment effectiveness.

Keywords:
DysbiosisHomeostasisInfectious diseasesMetabolic diseasesMicrobiomeXenobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The human body hosts trillions of microbes, forming a complex microbiome.
  • Microbial communities differ across body sites, ethnic groups, and health statuses.
  • Next-generation sequencing reveals dynamic microbiome structures and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the human microbiome's structure, function, diversity, and dynamics.
  • To examine factors influencing microbial composition and host-microbe interactions.
  • To highlight the impact of dysbiosis on health and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on human microbiome research.
  • Analysis of next-generation sequencing data for microbial community profiling.
  • Examination of host-microbe interactions and xenobiotic effects.

Main Results:

  • Human microbiome composition is distinct across body habitats and host factors.
  • Microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) are linked to disease development.
  • Dysbiosis can reduce therapeutic efficacy and prolong treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the human microbiome is crucial for health and disease management.
  • Factors influencing microbiome composition require further investigation.
  • Targeting the microbiome holds potential for novel therapeutic strategies.