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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
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Depersonalization Disorder: Directed Forgetting as a Function of Emotionality.

Daphne Simeon1, Margaret Knutelska1

  • 1From the Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.y, USA.

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD)
|October 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with Depersonalization Disorder (DDD) show impaired directed forgetting (DF) for negative emotional words. This suggests a reduced ability to disengage from distressing stimuli, not emotional avoidance.

Keywords:
Dissociative disordersamnesiaattentionchildhood traumacognitionderealizationdissociationemotion

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Dissociation is linked to emotional information processing, but findings are inconsistent.
  • Depersonalization Disorder (DDD) involves persistent feelings of unreality or detachment.
  • Emotionally avoidant processing is a proposed mechanism in dissociation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate emotionally avoidant information processing in Depersonalization Disorder (DDD).
  • To utilize a directed forgetting (DF) paradigm to assess attentional control over emotional stimuli.
  • To explore the relationship between dissociation severity and directed forgetting performance.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two participants with DSM-IV DDD and 40 healthy controls completed an item-method DF task.
  • Participants processed positive, negative, and neutral words.
  • Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered.

Main Results:

  • The DDD group exhibited significantly reduced directed forgetting for negative words compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in DF were found for positive or neutral words.
  • Higher scores on DES (total, depersonalization/derealization, amnesia) predicted poorer recall of to-be-forgotten negative words.

Conclusions:

  • Findings do not support emotionally avoidant processing in DDD within this paradigm.
  • DDD may be characterized by a diminished capacity to actively disengage attention from emotionally salient material.
  • Impaired attentional control, rather than avoidance, may underlie emotional processing deficits in DDD.