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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
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C3-dependent effector functions of complement.

Alessandra Zarantonello1, Margot Revel1, Anne Grunenwald1

  • 1Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

Immunological Reviews
|October 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement component 3 (C3) is central to immune responses, mediating functions via fragments like C3a and C3b. This review details C3 forms, fragments, receptors, and their roles in health and disease.

Keywords:
anaphylatoxinautoimmunitycancercomplement C3inflammationopsonin

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Complement component 3 (C3) is a key effector molecule in the complement system.
  • C3 mediates diverse biological functions through specific binding sites and receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of C3 forms, fragments, and their interactions with complement receptors.
  • To highlight the role of C3 in human health and disease, including deficiencies and uncontrolled activation.
  • To detail the structural aspects of C3 activation and fragment generation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on C3 structure, function, and interactions.
  • Analysis of C3 fragment binding to complement receptors.
  • Examination of cellular expression and functional diversity of C3 receptors.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of native C3, C3 [H2O], intracellular C3, and C3 fragments (C3a, C3b, iC3b, C3dg/C3d).
  • Elucidation of C3a receptor interactions and opsonin (C3b, iC3b, C3dg/C3d) binding to complement receptors.
  • Categorization of receptors into those with and without complement regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • C3 activation fragments trigger diverse cellular processes crucial in both health and disease.
  • Understanding C3-receptor interactions provides insights into immune system regulation and pathology.
  • This review offers an updated analysis of C3-mediated cellular events and their implications.