Completion of disconnective surgery for refractory epilepsy in pediatric patients using robot-assisted MRI-guided...

Since 2007, the authors have performed 34 hemispherotomies and 17 posterior quadrant disconnections (temporoparietooccipital [TPO] disconnections) for refractory epilepsy at Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital. Incomplete disconnection is the main cause of surgical failure in disconnective surgery, and reoperation is the treatment of choice. In this study, 6 patients previously treated with hemispherotomy required reoperation through open surgery. After the authors' initial experience with real-time MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIgLITT) for hypothalamic hamartomas, they decided to use this technique instead of open surgery to complete disconnective surgeries. The objective was to report the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of MRIgLITT to complete hemispherotomies and TPO disconnections for refractory epilepsy in pediatric patients.

Eight procedures were performed on 6 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Patient ages ranged between 4 and 18 years (mean 10 ± 4.4 years). The patients had previously undergone hemispherotomy (4 patients) and TPO disconnection (2 patients) at the hospital. The Visualase system assisted by a Neuromate robotic arm was used. The ablation trajectory was planned along the residual connection. The demographic and epilepsy characteristics of the patients, precision of the robot, details of the laser ablation, complications, and results were prospectively collected.

Four patients underwent hemispherotomy and 2 underwent TPO disconnection. Two patients, including 1 who underwent hemispherotomy and 1 who underwent TPO disconnection, received a second laser ablation because of persistent seizures and connections after the first treatment. The average precision of the system (target point localization error) was 1.7 ± 1.4 mm. The average power used was 6.58 ± 1.53 J. No complications were noted. Currently, 5 of the 6 patients are seizure free (Engel class I) after a mean follow-up of 20.2 ± 5.6 months.

According to this preliminary experience, laser ablation is a safe method for complete disconnective surgeries and allowed epilepsy control in 5 of the 6 patients treated. A larger sample size and longer follow-up periods are necessary to better assess the efficacy of MRIgLITT to complete hemispherotomy and TPO disconnection, but the initial results are encouraging.