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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
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Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Lipid Digestion01:06

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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
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Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

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G9a Modulates Lipid Metabolism in CD4 T Cells to Regulate Intestinal Inflammation.

Guilherme Piovezani Ramos1, Adebowale O Bamidele1, Emily E Klatt2

  • 1Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Gastroenterology
|October 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Inhibiting G9a in human T cells promotes cholesterol metabolism, generating regulatory T cells (Tregs) that treat inflammation. This approach shows promise for immune-mediated conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.

Keywords:
CholesterolInflammatory Bowel DiseaseLipid MetabolismRegulatory T Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Metabolic pathways

Background:

  • G9a methyltransferase is linked to murine intestinal inflammation.
  • The role of G9a in human T-cell differentiation and its therapeutic potential for inflammatory disorders are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of G9a in human T-cell differentiation.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of G9a inhibition in inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Human naive T cells were treated with a G9a inhibitor (UNC0642) in vitro.
  • Characterization included transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, protein expression, metabolism, and functional assays.
  • In vivo studies utilized murine models to assess G9a's role.

Main Results:

  • G9a inhibition induced FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro, mimicking human Tregs.
  • G9a inhibition increased intracellular cholesterol and altered lipid metabolism, supporting Treg development via oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Pharmacologic G9a inhibition promoted Treg expansion in vivo and ameliorated colitis in murine models.

Conclusions:

  • G9a inhibition enhances T-cell cholesterol metabolism, promoting Treg development.
  • G9a inhibitors show potential for treating immune-mediated conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease.