Lower Time in Therapeutic Range Relates to a Worse Kidney Graft Outcome

Tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic margin. Maintaining tacrolimus blood levels in the appropriate range is difficult because of its intrapatient variability. In fact, greater blood level variability has been related to worse kidney graft outcome, but only measuring variability does not consider the therapeutic range goal. Determining the time in therapeutic range (TTR) using the Rosendaal method allows dose optimization by considering the adverse events associated with both supratherapeutic and subtherapeutic doses. Some previous studies in kidney and lung transplantation have shown that the measurement of TTR has been related to the subsequent graft outcome. We performed a single-center, observational study including 215 consecutive kidney transplants performed in our center. The percentage of time that the patient remained with levels above 6 ng/mL between months 3 and 12 (%TTR3-12) was calculated using the Rosendaal method. A lower %TTR3-12 was associated with a higher risk of acute rejection (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.614; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.513-0.714; P = .018) and with a higher risk of having a 1-year glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m² (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.676; 95% CI, 0.542-0.811; P = .014). The lowest tertile of %TTR3-12 was independently associated with a higher risk of death-censored graft loss (hazard ratio, 10.773; 95% CI, 1.315-88.264; P = .027) after adjusting by 1-year glomerular filtration rate, expanded criteria donation, and acute rejection throughout the first year. To conclude, measuring TTR after kidney transplant is an easy way to estimate the time of exposure to adequate levels of tacrolimus and relates to kidney graft outcome.