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Is self always prioritised? Attenuating the ownership self-reference effect in memory.

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The Ownership Self Reference Effect (OSRE) disappears when details about another person are given. Providing social saliency for others makes self-owned and other-owned items equally memorable.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Ownership Self Reference Effect (SRE) demonstrates a memory bias favoring self-owned items.
  • This effect is typically robust and influences source memory.
  • Previous research has not fully explored factors that can modulate the SRE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if social saliency can abolish the Ownership Self Reference Effect (OSRE).
  • To test the hypothesis that elaborating on an 'other' can reduce self-prioritization in memory.
  • To examine the role of detailed information about a social referent in modulating memory biases.

Main Methods:

  • A 2x2 experimental design manipulated information level (High vs. Low) and referent (Self vs. Other).
  • A standard ownership paradigm was used to assess memory for owned items.
  • Participants' recall accuracy for self-owned and other-owned items was compared under different social saliency conditions.

Main Results:

  • When an 'other' was made socially salient with detailed information, the OSRE was abolished.
  • Self-owned and other-owned items were recalled with comparable accuracy in the high-information 'other' condition.
  • In contrast, a typical OSRE emerged when the 'other' lacked social saliency, with better recall for self-owned items.
  • No relationship was found between self/other-referencing and closeness, similarity, or shared traits.

Conclusions:

  • The OSRE is not absolute and can be abolished under specific conditions of enhanced social saliency.
  • Providing elaborate details about another individual can shift memory prioritization away from the self.
  • This suggests that social salience, particularly when detailed and elaborated, can override automatic self-prioritization in memory, influencing incidental memory.