Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle

This study compared the reproductive performance of embryo recipients treated with a timed embryo transfer (TET) protocol using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). On a random day of the estrous cycle (Day -10) indicus-taurus recipients (n = 341; 194 nulliparous and 147 multiparous cows) with a body condition score between 3.0 and 4.0, were submitted to the TET protocol consisting of an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and the insertion of intravaginal progesterone (P4) device that remained until Day -2.5. On the same day (-2.5), the recipients received i.m. 150 mg D-cloprostenol and 1 mg estradiol cypionate and were randomly divided into two groups: the eCG group (n = 179), in which females received i.m. 300 IU eCG and the hCG group (n = 162), in which females received 150 IU hCG. Then, estrus intensity and the diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) were monitored on D0 and the quality of the corpus luteum (CL) (B mode and color Doppler) was assessed on D7 to select recipients eligible for receiving the transfer of an embryo produced in vitro. Pregnancy diagnosis was assessed 23 days after the transfer. Continuous data were analyzed by ANOVA using a mixed-effects model and Tukey's test. The rates were analyzed using a logistic regression model. The diameter of the DF on day 0 of the TET protocol was influenced by the interaction between gonadotropic treatment and category (P = 0.01), and nulliparous recipients treated with hCG had the smallest diameter. Treatment with hCG and eCG resulted in a high rate of estrus expression; however, the proportion of females with a high-intensity of estrus was higher in the hCG group (79.84 vs. 68.61%, respectively; P = 0.03). The utilization rate (recipients with CL) showed a tendency (P = 0.06) to be influenced by the interaction between gonadotropic treatment and category, wherein nulliparous recipients treated with hCG exhibited a lower utilization rate than the other groups. The diameter, perimeter, and area of the CL were similar (P > 0.1) in all groups. However, the hCG group resulted in CL with a better Doppler evaluation score (P = 0.04), central blood flow (P = 0.03), and tendency towards greater peripheral blood flow (P = 0.08). The rates of conception (32.00% hCG vs. 35.10% eCG; P = 0.46) and pregnancy (24.69% hCG vs. 29.61% eCG; P = 0.20) were similar between the hCG and eCG groups. However, an interaction between the gonadotropic treatment and category revealed lower conception (P = 0.01) and pregnancy rates (P = 0.001) in nulliparous recipients treated with hCG. Treatment with hCG resulted in a greater intensity of estrus expression and CL with a higher Doppler score, which determined rates of utilization, conception, and pregnancy similar to conventional protocols using eCG. However, nulliparous recipients treated with hCG exhibited a lower overall reproductive rate.