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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

268
Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
268
Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

224
In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
224
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

237
In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
237
Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

1.9K
Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
1.9K
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

181
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
181
True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

374
Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
In contrast, true stress offers a more precise portrayal. It is computed by dividing the...
374

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Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer
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Why Is It So Challenging to Measure Residual Stresses ?

G S Schajer1, M B Prime2, P J Withers3

  • 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Experimental Mechanics
|October 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Measuring residual stresses is challenging due to their inherent nature. Successful residual stress measurement relies on skilled practitioners overcoming these difficulties.

Keywords:
ChallengesMeasurementResidual Stress

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

  • Residual stresses are internal stresses within materials, independent of external loads.
  • Their 'hidden' nature and difficulty in quantification make them challenging to measure compared to applied stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and describe the inherent challenges in residual stress measurement methods.
  • To explore practical approaches for addressing these measurement challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review and classification of common residual stress measurement techniques.
  • Identification and categorization of associated measurement challenges.

Main Results:

  • Five primary challenges encountered in residual stress measurements were identified.
  • Specific approaches for resolving each of these challenges were detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Successful residual stress measurement is achievable despite inherent difficulties.
  • The expertise and knowledge of the practitioner are paramount for accurate measurement outcomes.