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Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations.

Paul M Bradley1, Kristin M Romanok2, Kelly L Smalling2

  • 1U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States.

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Private wells in tribal nations often contain contaminants like arsenic, uranium, and lead. Increased tap water monitoring is crucial for managing health risks and preventing exposure in rural communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Private tap water (TW) in the US is seldom monitored, creating data gaps for risk management.
  • Rural and remote communities relying on private wells face higher risks of unrecognized contaminant exposures.
  • Tribal Nations often have unique water quality challenges and rely heavily on private water sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess point-of-use (POU) tap water quality in three northern plains Tribal Nations.
  • To identify common contaminants and their prevalence in both private and public water supplies.
  • To inform risk management and treatment strategies for drinking water in these communities.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed tap water samples from 34 private wells and 22 public supplies.
  • Tested for 476 organic compounds, 34 inorganic elements, and 3 in vitro bioactivities.
  • Compared detected contaminant levels against public supply Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and health-based screening levels.

Main Results:

  • Detected 63 organic and 30 inorganic contaminants.
  • Arsenic, uranium, and lead were prevalent, found in 54%, 43%, and 20% of samples, respectively.
  • Untreated private wells frequently exceeded health-based screening levels and MCLs for arsenic and uranium; public supplies exceeded levels for disinfection byproducts.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous exposure to multiple tap water contaminants is common.
  • Expanded monitoring of private wells with a broad analytical scope is essential.
  • Consideration of source, point-of-entry, or POU treatments is warranted to mitigate risks.