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Activity settings in full-day kindergarten classrooms and children's early learning
Arya Ansari1, Kelly M Purtell2
1Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, G1800, Austin, TX 78712-1699, United States.
Early Childhood Research Quarterly
|October 24, 2022
Summary
This study analyzed kindergarten classroom activity settings, finding that whole-group instruction boosted literacy and math skills. Child-selected activities enhanced cognitive flexibility, highlighting the importance of varied learning approaches.
Area of Science:
- Education
- Developmental Psychology
- Early Childhood Education
Background:
- Kindergarten classrooms utilize diverse activity settings.
- Understanding patterns of activity use is crucial for child development.
- Previous research often focused on single activities rather than classroom profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the diversity of full-day kindergarten activity settings nationwide.
- To identify distinct classroom activity profiles using person-centered modeling.
- To investigate the relationship between these profiles and children's learning gains.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 (n = 10,620).
- Employed person-centered modeling to identify classroom activity profiles.
- Analyzed differences in literacy, mathematics, and cognitive flexibility gains across profiles.
Main Results:
- Identified five activity profiles: high whole group, high small group, high individual, distributed activities, and high child selected.
- Children in high whole group classrooms showed the greatest literacy gains.
- Children in high small group and high whole group classrooms demonstrated greater mathematics gains.
- Classrooms with more child-selected activities improved cognitive flexibility.
Conclusions:
- Person-centered methods can identify distinct classroom practices.
- Specific activity profiles are associated with differential gains in early learning outcomes.
- Tailoring classroom activities may optimize kindergarteners' development in literacy, math, and cognitive flexibility.
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