[Technology of cementless hip endoprosthetics]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Biomechanics

Context:

• Cementless hip arthroplasty relies on stable implant fixation.
• Bone quality and biomechanical conditions are critical for successful outcomes.
• Intensive research addresses prosthesis design, materials, and fixation techniques.

Purpose:

• To review the biomechanical and material aspects of cementless hip endoprostheses.
• To categorize design features of hip prosthesis stems and acetabular cups.
• To analyze fixation methods for improved implant stability and longevity.

Summary:

• Key areas include biomechanical considerations related to prosthesis design and bone interaction.
• Material characteristics such as fatigue strength, tribology, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility are crucial.
• Advancements focus on new materials and coatings for direct bone-implant integration.
• Stem design parameters (collar, cross-section, shaping, surface) and acetabular cup fixation (screw, pegged, porous surfaces) are examined.
• Biomechanical studies highlight the importance of socket shape and thread geometry for screwed cups.

Impact:

• Optimized cementless hip prosthesis design enhances long-term fixation and patient outcomes.
• Understanding material properties and surface modifications promotes direct bone integration.
• Improved fixation strategies contribute to the overall success and durability of hip replacements.