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Reconstructing biblical military campaigns using geomagnetic field data.

Yoav Vaknin1,2, Ron Shaar2, Oded Lipschits1

  • 1Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

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|October 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ancient geomagnetic field data from mud bricks helps date destruction layers in the Southern Levant. This resolves debates about military campaigns and the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

Keywords:
archaeointensityarchaeomagnetic datingarchaeomagnetic spikearchaeomagnetismchronology

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Area of Science:

  • Archaeological Geophysics
  • Paleomagnetism
  • Ancient Near Eastern Studies

Background:

  • Historical texts describe numerous military campaigns in the Southern Levant (10th–6th centuries BCE).
  • Archaeological excavations reveal destruction layers from this period, some serving as chronological anchors.
  • Dating many destruction layers remains debated, complicating historical reconstructions and biblical narrative accuracy.

Observation:

  • The ancient geomagnetic field in the Southern Levant exhibited extreme anomalies during the 10th–6th centuries BCE.
  • Rapid changes and high-intensity geomagnetic field values, including spikes exceeding twice modern intensity, were recorded.
  • Geomagnetic data were analyzed from mud bricks in 20 burnt destruction layers and two ceramic assemblages.

Findings:

  • A synchronization method using geomagnetic field direction and intensity was developed.
  • This method precisely dates destruction layers and artifacts, resolving chronological uncertainties.
  • The study provides high-resolution chronological data for the period.

Implications:

  • Accurate dating resolves debates concerning military campaigns against Israel and Judah.
  • The findings clarify the relationship between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah and their administrations.
  • This research enhances the understanding of historical events and the accuracy of ancient texts.