Detailed magnetoelectric analysis of a nerve impulse propagation along the brachial plexus

To visualize impulse conduction along the brachial plexus through simultaneous electromagnetic measurements.

Neuromagnetic fields following median nerve stimulation were recorded above the clavicle with a superconducting quantum interference device biomagnetometer system in 7 healthy volunteers. Compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) were obtained from 12 locations. Pseudocolor maps of equivalent currents reconstructed from magnetic fields and isopotential contour maps were superimposed onto X-ray images. Surface potentials and current waveforms at virtual electrodes along the brachial plexus were compared.

In magnetic field analysis, the leading axonal current followed by a trailing backward current traveled rostrally along the brachial plexus. The spatial extent of the longitudinal intra-axonal currents corresponded to the extent of the positive-negative-positive potential field reflecting transmembrane volume currents. The peaks and troughs of the intra-axonal biphasic current waveforms coincided with the zero-crossings of triphasic CNAP waveforms. The amplitudes of CNAPs and current moments were linearly correlated.

Reconstructed neural activity in magnetic field analysis visualizes not only intra-axonal currents, but also transmembrane volume currents, which are in good agreement with the surface potential field.

Magnetoneurography is a novel non-invasive functional imaging modality for the brachial plexus whose performance can surpass that of electric potential measurement.