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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A rare presentation of dengue fever

Ainulakbar Mughal1, Mohammad Wasif2, Sayed Akbar Abbas1

  • 1Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|October 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a rapid hearing decline. This case study highlights a rare instance of unilateral SSNHL occurring after dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral illness.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a rapid hearing deficit of at least 30 decibels across three frequencies within 72 hours.
  • Causes of SSNHL are diverse, including infectious, vascular, immune-mediated, and idiopathic origins.
  • While viral infections are known contributors to SSNHL, specific associations with dengue virus are exceptionally rare in medical literature.

Observation:

  • This report details a case of a male patient who developed unilateral SSNHL.
  • The onset of hearing loss was noted subsequent to an infection with dengue fever, an RNA viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
  • This presentation is significant given the limited documented cases of SSNHL linked to dengue fever.

Findings:

  • The case adds to the scarce evidence linking dengue virus infection to SSNHL.
  • It underscores the potential for dengue fever to manifest with otological complications.
  • The exact pathogenic mechanisms connecting dengue virus and SSNHL remain to be fully elucidated.

Implications:

  • This case expands the spectrum of potential neurological and sensory complications associated with dengue fever.
  • Further research is warranted to investigate the virological and immunological pathways through which dengue virus may induce SSNHL.
  • Clinicians should consider dengue fever in the differential diagnosis of SSNHL, particularly in endemic regions.
Keywords:
Dengue; Hearing Loss; Virus

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