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What Are the Irreducible Basic Elements of Morality? A Critique of the Debate Over Monism and Pluralism in Moral Psychology.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2019
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The polyphony principle.

Bree Beal1

  • 1Psychology and Interdisciplinary Sciences (PAIS) Building, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA BreeLBeal@gmail.comhttps://www.bree-beal.com/.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|October 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Rational framing effects arise from normative polyphony, where one action can logically support conflicting judgments. This phenomenon stems from ontological polyphony, or varied detail framings, illustrated using Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment.

Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of action
  • Moral psychology
  • Literary analysis

Background:

  • Bermúdez's "rational framing effects" describe how presenting information differently influences judgment.
  • A key challenge is understanding how logically consistent, yet opposing, judgments can arise from the same action.
  • This study addresses the underlying mechanism of such judgment divergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and define "normative polyphony" as the capacity for a single action to sustain diverse, consistent judgments.
  • Propose "ontological polyphony" as the source of normative polyphony, stemming from varied framings of action-relevant details.
  • Illustrate the "polyphony principle" using a literary case study.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of "normative polyphony" and "ontological polyphony".

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  • Application of the "polyphony principle" to interpret Dostoevsky's *Crime and Punishment*.
  • Examination of how character actions and motivations are framed within the narrative.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that "normative polyphony" logically explains how actions can elicit both positive and negative moral evaluations.
    • "Ontological polyphony" was identified as the source, where differing perspectives on details create distinct evaluative frameworks.
    • The analysis of *Crime and Punishment* provided a concrete example of these principles in action.

    Conclusions:

    • The "polyphony principle" offers a novel framework for understanding moral judgment and framing effects.
    • Recognizing "ontological polyphony" is crucial for comprehending the multifaceted nature of ethical evaluation.
    • Literary works can serve as valuable models for exploring complex philosophical concepts.