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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Systemic circulating microRNA landscape in Lynch syndrome.

Tero Sievänen1, Tia-Marje Korhonen1, Tiina Jokela1

  • 1Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.

International Journal of Cancer
|October 25, 2022
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Summary

Circulating microRNAs (c-miRs) in Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers show distinct patterns, mirroring those in sporadic cancers. These c-miRs may help monitor cancer risk in LS patients.

Keywords:
Lynch syndromebioinformaticshereditary cancermicroRNAnext generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Circulating microRNAs (c-miRs) are biomarkers for sporadic cancers.
  • Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers have a high cancer risk.
  • No studies have explored c-miRnomes in LS carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize systemic c-miRnomes in Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers.
  • To compare c-miRnomes between LS carriers, sporadic cancer patients, and controls.
  • To investigate the potential of c-miRs in cancer risk assessment for LS.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing to analyze c-miRs.
  • Bioinformatic approaches for data analysis.
  • Pathway analysis to identify biological links.

Main Results:

  • Identified a unique c-miRnome of 40 differentially expressed c-miRs in cancer-free LS carriers.
  • LS carrier c-miRnomes resemble those of sporadic cancer patients.
  • Differentially expressed c-miRs are linked to cancer-related pathways and target oncogenes/tumor suppressors.

Conclusions:

  • LS and sporadic carcinogenesis share common molecular pathways.
  • c-miR signatures can indicate oncogenic stress in LS carriers.
  • c-miRs show potential for monitoring LS risk and cancer management.