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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
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An Ionic Diode Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Efficient Osmotic Energy Conversion.

Li Cao1, I-Chun Chen1, Xiaowei Liu1

  • 1Division of Physical Science and Engineering, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ACS Nano
|October 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Novel covalent organic framework (COF) diode membranes with designed ion channels offer enhanced osmotic energy conversion. These membranes achieve high power densities, outperforming current technologies for efficient energy generation.

Keywords:
covalent organic framework membraneshigh charge densityion transportionic diodesosmotic energy conversion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Heterogeneous membranes with ionic diode effects show promise for osmotic energy conversion.
  • Current membranes are limited by a lack of molecular-level designed ion channels, impacting power densities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop high-performance osmotic power generators using covalent organic framework (COF) diode membranes.
  • To engineer membranes with well-defined ion channels, asymmetric geometry, and controlled surface charge polarity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of COF diode membranes using heterojunctions of positively and negatively charged COF layers on a porous COF nanofiber scaffold.
  • Investigation of ionic diode effect, unidirectional ion diffusion, and anion selectivity.
  • Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand anion-COF channel interactions.

Main Results:

  • The COF diode membranes exhibited a strong ionic diode effect, enabling fast unidirectional ion diffusion and anion selectivity.
  • Density functional theory calculations confirmed superior iodide (I-) transport due to specific anion-COF channel interactions.
  • Achieved high output power densities of 19.2 W m⁻² (50-fold NaCl gradient) and 210.1 W m⁻² (50-fold NaI gradient).

Conclusions:

  • The developed COF diode membranes significantly outperform state-of-the-art heterogeneous membranes for osmotic power generation.
  • These membranes demonstrate great potential for efficient anion transport and broader energy-related applications.
  • Molecular-level design of ion channels in COF membranes is crucial for enhancing osmotic energy conversion efficiency.