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Suicide stigma measures: A scoping review.

Angela Nicholas1, Tilahun Haregu2, Claire Henderson3

  • 1Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.

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This review identified 23 measures of suicide stigma, assessing their development and psychometric properties. Understanding these tools is crucial for developing better suicide prevention strategies.

Keywords:
MeasuresPsychometricScaleScoping reviewStigmaSuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Suicide causes approximately 800,000 deaths globally each year, with non-fatal suicidal ideation and behaviors also being prevalent.
  • Stigma surrounding suicide is a significant obstacle to effective prevention efforts.
  • Existing measures for suicide stigma require comprehensive evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of measures designed to assess suicide stigma.
  • To examine the development, psychometric properties, and utilization of these measures.
  • To inform the creation of future suicide stigma assessment tools.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review methodology was employed.
  • Searches were conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL) using keywords related to suicide, stigma, and measurement scales.
  • Peer-reviewed articles in English were included if they discussed measures defined by authors as assessing suicide-related stigma.

Main Results:

  • A total of 106 papers were reviewed, discussing 23 distinct measures of suicide stigma.
  • Eighty-two papers provided data on the psychometric properties of these measures.
  • Commonly cited measures included the Grief Experience Questionnaire, Suicide Opinion Questionnaire, and Stigma of Suicide Scale, with varying psychometric strengths.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides an overview of available suicide stigma measures, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and applications.
  • Variations in the definition and measurement of 'stigma' were noted across studies.
  • This work will guide the development and refinement of more robust suicide stigma assessment tools.