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Conditioned place preferences for virtual alcohol cues.

Skyler M Sklenarik1, Christopher N Burrows2, Robert S Astur1

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|October 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality (VR) can establish conditioned place preference (CPP) for alcohol cues. Individuals with alcohol use spent more time in VR rooms associated with virtual alcohol cues, suggesting implicit learning.

Keywords:
AlcoholClassical conditioningConditioned place preferenceCue reactivityVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a behavioral paradigm used to study reward and addiction.
  • Virtual reality (VR) offers a controlled environment for studying substance use cues.
  • Understanding implicit learning mechanisms is crucial for addiction research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a conditioned place preference (CPP) can be established using virtual alcohol cues in a virtual reality (VR) environment.
  • To differentiate between implicit and explicit measures of CPP in response to virtual alcohol cues.
  • To explore the role of alcohol use levels in developing CPP to virtual alcohol stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • 298 undergraduates completed six conditioning sessions in VR, with one room containing virtual alcohol cues (CS+) and another neutral (CS-).
  • A test session allowed unrestricted access to both rooms without alcohol cues.
  • Behavioral (time spent in rooms) and subjective (room preference) data were collected.

Main Results:

  • Participants with alcohol use spent significantly longer in the CS+ room compared to the CS- room during the test session.
  • This effect was more pronounced in participants with alcohol use than those without.
  • Subjective reports did not align with behavioral data, as participants preferred the neutral CS- room.

Conclusions:

  • A conditioned place preference (CPP) can be established using virtual alcohol cues in VR, independent of actual alcohol administration.
  • Implicit (behavioral) and explicit (subjective) measures of CPP may reflect distinct psychological processes.
  • Further research is needed to explore the dissociation between implicit and explicit responses in virtual environments.