Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
Published on: September 16, 2022
Use of an exoscope for enhanced visualization of a Schwab grade 5 osteotomy to correct kyphotic deformity
Alma Rechav Ben-Natan1, Nitin Agarwal1, Saman Shabani1
1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Abstract:
The development of the 3D exoscope has advanced intraoperative visualization by providing access to visual corridors that were previously difficult to obtain or maintain with traditional operating microscopes. Favorable ergonomics, maneuverability, and increased potential for instruction provide utility in a large range of procedures. Here, the authors demonstrate the exoscope system in a patient with progressive thoracolumbar junctional kyphosis with bony retropulsion of a T12-L1 fracture requiring a Schwab grade 5 osteotomy and fusion. The utilization of the exoscope provides visual access to the ventrolateral dura for the entire surgical team (surgeons, learners, and scrub nurse). The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.10.FOCVID21190.
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