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Food intake and selection after peripheral tryptophan.

P Morris, E T Li, M L MacMillan

    Physiology & Behavior
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Peripheral administration of tryptophan significantly reduced food intake in rats, particularly carbohydrates. This effect was observed even when brain tryptophan uptake was blocked, suggesting a peripheral mechanism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition Science
    • Neuroscience
    • Animal Physiology

    Background:

    • Dietary indispensable amino acids, like tryptophan, play crucial roles in regulating food intake.
    • Understanding the mechanisms by which nutrients influence appetite is essential for managing metabolic health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of peripheral (IP) administration of tryptophan on food intake and macronutrient selection in rats.
    • To determine if tryptophan's effects on feeding behavior are mediated by the central nervous system.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were adapted to a 12-hour nocturnal feeding schedule with a choice of 10% and 60% casein diets.
    • A dose-response study assessed the effects of varying IP doses of tryptophan (35-115 mg/kg).
    • A second study co-administered tryptophan with valine to block brain tryptophan uptake and assess central nervous system mediation.

    Main Results:

    • A threshold dose of 75 mg/kg IP tryptophan significantly reduced total food intake and carbohydrate intake in the first hour and over 12 hours.
    • The reduction in carbohydrate intake was proportionally greater than protein intake.
    • Co-injection of valine, which reduced brain tryptophan uptake, did not prevent tryptophan's suppression of food intake, indicating a peripheral mechanism.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral administration of tryptophan effectively reduces food intake, with a notable preference for reducing carbohydrate consumption.
    • The findings suggest that tryptophan's appetite-suppressing effects are primarily mediated peripherally, rather than through direct action on the central nervous system.
    • This highlights the potential role of peripheral nutrient sensing in the regulation of macronutrient selection.

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