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Updated: Aug 24, 2025
Induction of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice Using the Middle Artery Occlusion Technique and Visualization of Infarct Area
Published on: February 2, 2017
[From the laboratory to the clinic in acute ischaemic stroke. In vitro and in vivo experimental models]
J M Pradillo1, A García-Culebras2, M I Cuartero2
1Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Insights
Developing advanced biomimetic models is crucial for understanding ischaemic stroke and finding new treatments. These models improve research into cerebrovascular disease, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pathophysiology
Context:
- Cerebrovascular disease, including ischaemic stroke, is a major global cause of death, disability, and dementia.
- Current treatments for ischaemic stroke, like tissue plasminogen activator, have limited efficacy due to strict patient selection criteria.
- There is a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies to manage the consequences of ischaemic stroke.
Purpose:
- To review current biomimetic models used in ischaemic stroke research.
- To discuss both in vitro (2D and 3D platforms) and in vivo experimental models and techniques for assessing ischaemic damage.
- To highlight the importance of developing improved experimental models for clinical translation.
Summary:
- This review synthesizes recent advancements in experimental models for studying ischaemic stroke pathophysiology.
- It covers various in vitro platforms and established in vivo techniques for evaluating ischaemic injury.
- The focus is on enhancing our understanding to facilitate the discovery of new treatments.
Impact:
- Improved experimental models are essential for identifying new therapeutic interventions for ischaemic stroke.
- Advancements in biomimetic models can lead to better clinical translation of research findings.
- Ultimately, this research aims to improve patient prognosis and quality of life by developing more effective treatments.
Introduction:
Cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death, disability and dementia around the world. For the most common form of the disease, ischaemic stroke, there is only one drug available, tissue plasminogen activator, and few patients can benefit from this therapy because of the strict inclusion criteria established for its use. This circumstance makes it crucial to search for new forms of treatment to combat the sequelae of the disease, and this requires the development of new biomimetic models that allow for a better understanding of its evolution.
Development:
In this review, we update the platforms and models most widely used in recent years to study the pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke. On the one hand, we review the two- and three-dimensional platforms on which in vitro assays are carried out and, on the other, we describe the most commonly used in vivo experimental models and techniques for assessing ischaemic damage.
Conclusions:
The ultimate aim of developing good experimental models is to find new forms of treatment and thus improve patients' prognosis and quality of life. It is therefore important to generate new in vitro devices and to further refine in vivo models to enable a good clinical translation.
