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HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity in Mexican Adults
Andrea López1, Claudia Rafful2,3, Ricardo Orozco4
1Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
AIDS and Behavior
|October 26, 2022
Summary
The HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale (HIV-SMS) is validated for Mexican adults with HIV. This tool accurately measures internalized, promulgated, and anticipated stigma from family and healthcare workers.
Area of Science:
- Psychological Measurement
- Public Health
- Sociomedical Sciences
Background:
- Stigma significantly impacts individuals living with HIV, affecting their quality of life and healthcare engagement.
- Understanding the specific mechanisms and sources of HIV stigma is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
- Existing stigma scales may not fully capture the nuances of stigma experienced by diverse populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate the Spanish translation of the HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale (HIV-SMS) for use in Mexican adults living with HIV.
- To assess the psychometric properties, including construct validity and internal consistency, of the HIV-SMS in this population.
- To adapt the scale by identifying key sources and mechanisms of stigma relevant to Mexican adults with HIV.
Main Methods:
- A web-based survey was administered to 362 Mexican adults living with HIV.
- Exploratory factor analyses using weighted least squares and oblique rotation were conducted to evaluate construct validity.
- The Spanish version of the HIV-SMS was assessed for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha (Ω).
Main Results:
- The Spanish HIV-SMS demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Ω = 0.86) and a factor structure comparable to the original scale.
- A five-factor solution, excluding items related to community and social workers, showed adequate construct validity.
- The scale effectively identified internalized, promulgated, and anticipated stigma from family and healthcare workers.
Conclusions:
- The Spanish HIV Stigma Mechanisms Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing stigma in Mexican adults living with HIV.
- The validated scale can be utilized by researchers and clinicians to better understand and address HIV-related stigma in this population.
- Findings support the use of the HIV-SMS to differentiate between sources and mechanisms of stigma, informing culturally relevant interventions.
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