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Solution-processed CZTS thin films and its simulation study for solar cell applications with ZnTe as the buffer

Bhanu Prakash1,2, Arti Meena1, Yogesh Kumar Saini1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|October 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Zinc tellurium (ZnTe) buffer layers enhance copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) solar cell efficiency, offering a non-toxic, cost-effective alternative to cadmium. Optimized thicknesses improved performance, showing potential for high-temperature applications.

Keywords:
CZTS thin film solar cellEfficiencyFill factorZnTe buffer layer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Conventional buffer layers in copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) solar cells often contain toxic cadmium.
  • There is a need for eco-friendly, earth-abundant, and cost-effective buffer layer materials.
  • Zinc tellurium (ZnTe) presents a promising alternative due to its non-toxic and abundant constituents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of zinc tellurium (ZnTe) as a buffer layer in CZTS-based solar cells.
  • To optimize the thicknesses of the CZTS absorber and ZnTe buffer layers for improved solar cell performance.
  • To evaluate the potential of ZnTe as a sustainable alternative to cadmium-based buffer layers.

Main Methods:

  • Deposition of CZTS thin films using the sol-gel spin coating method.
  • Characterization of CZTS films using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible-NIR spectrophotometry.
  • Optimization of absorber and buffer layer thicknesses using the AMPS-1D simulation tool, validated with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • XRD confirmed the formation of the kesterite phase in CZTS films.
  • The optical band gap of CZTS films was determined to be approximately 1.45 eV.
  • Solar cell efficiency increased by 23.47% with optimized CZTS (2500 nm) and ZnTe (50 nm) layer thicknesses.
  • Improved current density was observed with increasing operating temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Zinc tellurium (ZnTe) is a viable and efficient buffer layer for CZTS solar cells, replacing toxic cadmium-based materials.
  • Optimized layer thicknesses are crucial for maximizing solar cell performance.
  • The developed CZTS/ZnTe solar cells show potential for use in high solar radiation environments due to temperature-resilient performance.