Analysis of the mandibular molars root canals morphology. Study by computed tomography

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Radiology

Background:

• Understanding mandibular molar root and canal morphology is crucial for successful endodontic treatment.
• Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides detailed 3D imaging for anatomical analysis.
• Variations in root canal systems can complicate endodontic procedures and affect treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars.
• To classify canal configurations using the Vertucci classification system.
• To analyze the correlation between morphology, gender, and bilaterality.

Main Methods:

• CBCT images of 2,400 mandibular molars from 600 patients (aged 18-75) were analyzed.
• Number of roots, number of root canals, and Vertucci canal configurations were assessed.
• Statistical analysis included Spearman and Wilcoxon tests (significance level p<0.05).

Main Results:

• 94.92% of first molars and 90.17% of second molars exhibited two separate roots.
• Common configurations included Type IV (mesial) and Type I (distal) for biradicular molars.
• High incidence of bilateral symmetry was observed, aiding canal number estimation.

Conclusions:

• Mandibular molars frequently present with two roots and specific canal configurations.
• CBCT analysis reveals significant bilateral symmetry in root and canal morphology.
• Understanding these anatomical variations is vital for predictable endodontic outcomes.