A Comprehensive Review for Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Attained from Wastewater Observations
Zainab Haider Mussa1, Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim2,3, Ali H Jawad4
1College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Kerbala 56001, Iraq.
Toxics
|October 26, 2022
Summary
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are hazardous aquatic pollutants. This review examines their removal from wastewater using electrochemical methods and conventional treatments, highlighting carbon-based anodes for effective elimination.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Water Treatment Technology
Background:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are emerging pollutants detected in aquatic environments.
- These pharmaceuticals enter water bodies through various pathways, posing risks to aquatic ecosystems and potentially human health.
- Current understanding of NSAIDs' environmental occurrence, transport, and fate remains incomplete, necessitating efficient removal strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the occurrence, transport, fate, and electrochemical removal of selected NSAIDs (diclofenac, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen) in aquatic environments.
- To assess the efficiency of various conventional wastewater treatment methods for NSAIDs removal.
- To explore the potential of carbon-based anodes in electrochemical oxidation for NSAIDs abatement.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on NSAIDs in wastewater.
- Analysis of reported NSAIDs concentrations in influent and effluent wastewater.
- Evaluation of removal efficiencies of different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and specific treatment stages.
- Review of electrochemical oxidation processes using carbon-based anodes for NSAIDs removal.
Main Results:
- Mean NSAIDs concentrations in wastewater range from 3992–27,061 µg/L (influent) and 1208–7943 µg/L (effluent).
- NSAIDs removal efficiencies in WWTPs vary widely (4–100%), with microbiological reactors (MBRs) showing complete removal.
- Chlorination and conventional mechanical biological treatment (CMBT) demonstrate high NSAIDs removal rates (81–98%).
- Electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond and graphite anodes shows promise for complete NSAIDs removal.
Conclusions:
- NSAIDs are significant emerging pollutants in aquatic systems requiring effective management.
- Conventional treatments like MBR, chlorination, and CMBT are effective for NSAIDs removal.
- Electrochemical oxidation with specific carbon-based anodes offers a viable alternative for NSAIDs abatement in wastewater.
Keywords:
NSAIDs presence in wastewater and waterbyproductscarbon-based anodeelectrochemical processwastewater treatment technologiesMore Related Videos
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