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Zavot cattle genetic characterization using microsatellites.

Buket Boğa Kuru1, Turgut Kırmızıbayrak2, Yusuf Özşensoy3

  • 1Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Türkiye. buket_vetfak@hotmail.com.

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Summary

Genetic diversity in Zavot cattle from Kars, Türkiye, reveals they are distinct from Simmental and Brown-Swiss breeds. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect native Zavot cattle from inbreeding and ensure their future.

Keywords:
Genetic diversityMolecular methodNative breedPolymorphismZavot

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Population Genetics
  • Livestock Breeding

Background:

  • Zavot cattle are a native breed in Türkiye, with claimed historical contributions from Simmental and Brown-Swiss breeds.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Zavot cattle is essential for effective conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within and between Zavot (ZAV) cattle and other breeds (Eastern Anatolian Red, Simmental, Brown-Swiss, Holstein) in Türkiye.
  • To assess the genetic distinctiveness of Zavot cattle from breeds purported to have influenced their development.

Main Methods:

  • DNA was extracted from blood samples of 209 cattle (ZAV, EAR, SIM, BS, HOLS).
  • Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used with 19 bovine microsatellite markers.
  • Capillary electrophoresis analyzed PCR products to identify alleles and genetic distances.

Main Results:

  • A total of 274 alleles were identified, with an average of 10.29 alleles per marker.
  • The largest genetic distance was observed between Zavot and Holstein populations (0.358).
  • Zavot cattle showed distinct genetic profiles, separate from Simmental and Brown-Swiss breeds, challenging historical claims of contribution.

Conclusions:

  • Zavot cattle in the Kars region are genetically distinct from Simmental and Brown-Swiss breeds.
  • Current inbreeding risks necessitate increased studies for the protection and establishment of pure Zavot herds.
  • Conservation of native Zavot cattle is vital for the future of Turkish cattle breeds.