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What is Climate?

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

The missing risks of climate change.

James Rising¹, Marco Tedesco², Franziska Piontek³

¹School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. jrising@udel.edu.

|October 26, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change risks are vast but often unquantified. This study argues for including these uncertain, complex risks in economic evaluations through interdisciplinary collaboration and clear methodologies.

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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

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Published on: June 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Economics
Risk Assessment

Background:

Climate change poses immense threats to global populations and economies.
Many complex climate risks remain unquantified, hindering effective economic evaluations and decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

To argue for the inclusion of unquantified, uncertain climate risks in economic evaluations.
To present an ontology of unquantified climate risks and their underlying reasons for lack of evaluation.
To propose an approach for integrating these risks into decision-making processes.

Main Methods:

Overview and ontological structuring of unquantified climate risks.
Identification of reasons for lack of robust evaluation (e.g., interdisciplinary gaps, uncertainty, spatial-temporal variations).
Development of an integration approach accounting for interdependencies and assumptions.

Main Results:

Identified key reasons for unquantified risks: disciplinary silos, impact variations, risk interactions, deep uncertainty, and unknown risks.
Proposed an ontology categorizing these unquantified risks.
Outlined an approach for integrating qualitative and quantitative assessments of these risks.

Conclusions:

Unquantified climate risks must be incorporated into economic evaluations and decision-making.
Interdisciplinary collaboration between natural and social sciences is crucial.
Addressing uncertainty and employing diverse assessment methods are vital for comprehensive climate risk management.