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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Altered...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
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Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and antigen B may decrease inflammatory bowel disease through regulation of

Jianling Bao1, Wenjing Qi1, Chang Sun1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China.

Parasites & Vectors
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Helminth infection with Echinococcus granulosus and its antigen B (AgB) can alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in mice. This suggests AgB may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating IBD.

Keywords:
Antigen BEchinococcus granulosusInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Macrophage polarization

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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition causing intestinal inflammation and barrier damage.
  • Helminth infections are known to modulate immune responses, potentially ameliorating autoimmune diseases.
  • The precise mechanisms by which helminths impact IBD remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of Echinococcus granulosus infection and its antigen B (AgB) in a mouse model of IBD.
  • To elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of AgB on macrophage polarization and gut microbiota composition in IBD.

Main Methods:

  • BALB/c mice were infected with E. granulosus and subsequently induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to model IBD.
  • Disease activity, colon length, and histological scores were assessed.
  • Macrophage polarization (M1/M2), iNOS, Fizz1, and cytokine gene expression were analyzed by qPCR and flow cytometry.
  • Gut microbiota were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing, and in vitro macrophage assays were performed.

Main Results:

  • E. granulosus infection and AgB significantly reduced IBD severity and histological damage.
  • AgB promoted an M2 macrophage phenotype (F4/80+CD206+) and decreased M1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11c+) in the colon.
  • AgB altered gut microbiota composition and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Echinococcus granulosus infection and antigen B show promise in improving IBD conditions.
  • The therapeutic effects appear mediated by inducing M2-polarized macrophages and modulating gut microbiota.
  • AgB demonstrates potential as a novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.