Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 24, 2025
08:58
Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
6.7K
Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Drivers-A Review
Mohammad Irfan1, Alhomidi Almotiri1, Zeyad Abdullah AlZeyadi1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Ad Dawadmi 17464, Saudi Arabia.
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat impacting human health, livestock, agriculture, and ecosystems. Addressing AMR requires understanding its environmental spread and implementing comprehensive mitigation strategies.
Area of Science:
- Environmental science
- Public health
- Microbiology
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses significant risks to healthcare, including mortality and financial burdens.
- The spread of AMR is influenced by human, livestock, agricultural, and ecosystem factors.
- Sociocultural and financial practices complicate AMR management globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development processes of AMR.
- To examine the global burden and drivers of AMR.
- To identify knowledge gaps, monitoring methods, and mitigation strategies for AMR in the environment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of AMR development, spread, and control.
- Analysis of environmental pathways for AMR transmission (e.g., hospital effluent, agricultural waste).
- Examination of antibiotic overuse and wastewater management's role.
Main Results:
- Identified multiple environmental pathways contributing to AMR spread.
- Highlighted the role of uncontrolled antibiotic use and wastewater.
- Noted that healthcare organizations are in early stages of addressing AMR.
Conclusions:
- Effective AMR management necessitates a One Health approach considering all four domains.
- Environmental surveillance and integrated mitigation strategies are crucial.
- Further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps in AMR monitoring and control.
Keywords:
antibioticsantimicrobial resistancebiocidesenvironmental driverspublic healthspread of resistanceMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
111
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
111
00:57Antibiotic Selection
55.0K
Overview
55.0K
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
134
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
134
01:23Antimicrobial Proteins
3.2K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
3.2K
01:28Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
73
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
73
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K