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Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

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Process-Oriented Profiling of Speech Sound Disorders.

Sanne Diepeveen^1,2, Hayo Terband³, Leenke van Haaften²

¹HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6524 TM Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 27, 2022

Summary

This study identified three distinct subgroups of children with speech sound disorder (SSD), revealing specific profiles of phonological and motor deficits. These findings highlight the varied underlying issues contributing to SSD in children.

Keywords:

diagnosis speech sound disorders treatment planning

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Area of Science:

Linguistics
Speech-Language Pathology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Speech sound disorder (SSD) subtypes and underlying deficits are subjects of ongoing research and debate.
A data-driven approach is needed to identify distinct subgroups and their specific deficits in children with SSD.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and describe deficits and subgroups within a sample of Dutch children aged 4-7 with SSD.
To characterize the profiles of strengths and weaknesses in speech production processes.

Main Methods:

A broad test battery, including the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI) with tasks like Picture Naming (PN) and NonWord Imitation (NWI), was administered to 150 children with SSD.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used on CAI parameters to reveal three speech domains.
Cluster analysis identified three subgroups based on speech production parameters, which were then analyzed for differences in intelligibility, vocabulary, and auditory discrimination.

Main Results:

PCA identified three distinct speech domains related to speech production processes.
Cluster analysis revealed three significant subgroups of children with SSD.
These subgroups differed in intelligibility, receptive vocabulary, and auditory discrimination, but not in age, gender, or diagnosis by speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Conclusions:

Three distinct profiles of SSD were identified: phonological deficit, phonological deficit with motoric deficit, and severe phonological and motoric deficit.
These profiles suggest a spectrum of underlying problems contributing to SSD in children.
The findings underscore the importance of individualized assessment and intervention for children with SSD.