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Parenting Styles Predict Future-Oriented Cognition in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Saeid Sadeghi1, Sajad Ayoubi1, Serge Brand2,3,4,5,6

  • 1Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Authoritative parenting positively impacts children's future-oriented thinking, including planning and memory. Authoritarian parenting, however, shows negative associations with these crucial cognitive skills in elementary school children.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Parenting significantly influences children's social and cognitive development.
  • Future-oriented cognition is essential for academic success and life planning.
  • Understanding the link between parenting styles and cognitive skills is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between different parenting styles and future-oriented cognition skills in elementary school children.
  • To investigate how authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles relate to specific cognitive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 200 Iranian elementary school children (ages 6-13).
  • Data collected from parents using Baumrind's Parenting Styles Questionnaire.
  • Children's Future Thinking Questionnaire (CFTQ) administered to assess future-oriented cognition.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between authoritative parenting and children's prospective memory, episodic foresight, planning, delay of gratification, and overall future-oriented cognition.
  • Authoritarian parenting showed a negative correlation with planning, delay of gratification, and future-oriented cognition.
  • Higher authoritative parenting scores predicted enhanced future-oriented cognitive abilities.

Conclusions:

  • Authoritative parenting is a key factor in fostering advanced future-oriented cognitive skills in children.
  • Interventions promoting authoritative parenting may enhance children's cognitive development and future planning abilities.
  • Findings highlight the importance of parenting styles in shaping children's cognitive trajectories.

Keywords:
cognitive developmentfuture-oriented cognitionindividual differencesparenting

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