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Microbiota and Extracellular Vesicles in Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy

Surbhi Mishra1, Sajeen Bahadur Amatya1, Sonja Salmi1

  • 1Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.

Cancers
|October 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) may influence cancer treatment efficacy. This review explores the role of bEVs in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and cancer, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a significant global health challenge requiring novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, show promise but their efficacy varies.
  • The human microbiota influences cancer development and response to immunotherapy, yet the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the correlation between cancer-associated extracellular vesicles, specifically bEVs, and the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
  • To investigate the potential contribution of bEVs in cancer pathophysiology and treatment response.
  • To discuss the clinical and pharmacological prospects of bEVs in improving current cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review focusing on studies investigating bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in the context of cancer and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
  • Analysis of existing research on the properties of bEVs, including their ability to cross physiological barriers and interact with tumor cells.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding the influence of bEVs on the tumor microenvironment and their impact on immunotherapy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) possess characteristics suggesting they can modulate the tumor microenvironment.
  • Evidence indicates a potential link between bEVs and the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in cancer patients.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which bEVs influence cancer pathophysiology and treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) represent a promising area of investigation for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Understanding the role of bEVs could lead to novel strategies for optimizing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
  • bEVs may offer future clinical and pharmacological applications for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Keywords:
anti-PD therapycancerextracellular vesiclesmicrobiota

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