Association between Nighttime Work and HbA1c Levels in South Korea

Background: As the world has become a 24 h society, people’s demands have generated various work schedules, leading to an increase in workers’ health problems. The study aimed to investigate the association between nighttime work and HbA1c levels among South Korean adults over the age of 30. Methods: Participants were selected from the 2016−2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey; those diagnosed with diabetes were excluded. The dependent variable was the HbA1c level reported in the KNHANES health examination report. The main independent variable was the participant’s work schedule. Work schedules were classified into three categories based on the participant’s report: (1) day; (2) night and overnight, and (3) other. Generalized multiple linear regression was used, and the significance level was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The participants comprised 4773 men and 4818 women. Those engaged in the “day” schedule served as the reference group. Among the male participants, the “night and overnight” group had significantly larger HbA1c (%) levels than the “day” group (β = 0.061, p = 0.0085). Among these nighttime male workers, HbA1c (%) levels were particularly higher in the people who were physically inactive (β = 0.094, p = 0.0031), slept less than 7 h (β = 0.108, p = 0.0009), and skipped meals (β = 0.064, p = 0.0401). Conclusion: Our results revealed an association of nighttime work with increased HbA1c levels in male participants. High-risk groups for HbA1c levels require careful observation of physical activity, sleeping time, and eating habits.