Insights on Microbial Communities Inhabiting Non-Volcanic Hot Springs.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Environmental Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Non-volcanic hot springs in northwest Spain, like Muiño da Veiga, were primarily used for thermalism.
• These unique environments harbor specialized microbial communities adapted to high temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the microbial community composition and diversity of the Muiño da Veiga hot spring using metagenomics.
• To explore metabolic connections, identify potential biotechnological applications (thermozymes), and assemble Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs).

Main Methods:

• Metagenomic sequencing of water samples from the Muiño da Veiga hot spring.
• Bioinformatic analysis to determine microbial composition, diversity, metabolic pathways, and MAG assembly.

Main Results:

• A diverse microbial community dominated by Bacteria, particularly the Aquificales group, was identified.
• The genus *Sulfurihydrogenibium* was most abundant, indicating significant roles in sulfur cycling and niche formation.
• Autotrophic pathways, including sulfur oxidation, were prevalent, supporting nutrient availability and microbial diversity.
• The rare biosphere contributed to ecosystem interactions and genetic reservoirs.
• Three novel microbial MAGs were assembled, representing new diversity.
• Enzymes like proteases, lipases, and cell-wall degrading enzymes with biotechnological potential were detected.

Conclusions:

• The Muiño da Veiga hot spring hosts a complex microbial ecosystem with significant roles in biogeochemical cycling.
• This environment is a promising source for novel thermozymes and microorganisms with biotechnological applications.
• Metagenomics provides powerful insights into the functioning and potential of extreme environments.