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Assessing the DNA Damaging Effectiveness of Ionizing Radiation Using Plasmid DNA.

Yara Maayah1, Humza Nusrat2, Geordi Pang2

  • 1Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Plasmid DNA detectors effectively measured DNA damage from radiotherapy X-rays after long-distance shipment. Lower energy X-rays (100 kVp) caused significantly more DNA double-strand breaks than higher energy beams (6 MV).

Keywords:
DNA DSB damageDNA-based detectorX-ray ionizing radiationlinear energy transferoxidized DNA base damagerelative biological effectiveness

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Plasmid DNA serves as a sensitive biosensor for detecting DNA damage.
  • Ionizing radiation, particularly in radiotherapy, can induce various forms of DNA damage.
  • Assessing DNA damage effectiveness requires reliable and transportable detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of using plasmid DNA detectors to assess DNA damage.
  • To compare the DNA damaging effectiveness of two X-ray beam qualities (100 kVp and 6 MV).
  • To determine if DNA damage detection is reliable after long-distance inter-institutional shipment.

Main Methods:

  • Plasmid DNA (pBR322) detectors were shipped ~8000 km between the USA and Canada.
  • Detectors were irradiated with 100 kVp or 6 MV X-ray beams at doses of 10, 20, and 30 Gy.
  • DNA damage, including single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), and oxidized bases, was quantified post-shipment.

Main Results:

  • The rate of DSBs/Gy/plasmid was 2.8±0.7 times greater for 100 kVp irradiation compared to 6 MV.
  • The 100 kVp irradiation induced 5±2 times more DSBs per SSB than the 6 MV beam.
  • The plasmid DNA detectors demonstrated sensitivity to relative DNA damage effectiveness despite transport.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmid DNA detectors are feasible and sensitive tools for assessing DNA damage effectiveness.
  • The study confirms that lower energy X-rays (100 kVp) are more effective at inducing DNA double-strand breaks than higher energy beams (6 MV).
  • The robustness of plasmid DNA detectors allows for reliable DNA damage assessment even after significant inter-institutional transport.