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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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An Improved Method for the Preparation of Type I Collagen From Skin
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Collagen V α1 Chain Decrease in Papillary Dermis from Early Systemic Sclerosis: A New Proposal in Cutaneous Fibrosis

Jymenez de Morais1, Ana Paula P Velosa1, Priscila C Andrade2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology (LIM 17), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin fibrosis involves altered collagen V (Col V) deposition. Early SSc shows decreased α1(V) chain expression at the dermoepidermal junction, impacting skin structure and fibrosis.

Keywords:
collagen V alpha chainsfibrosispapillary dermisskinsystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cutaneous fibrosis, a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc), is linked to abnormal collagen V (Col V) deposition.
  • Col V plays a crucial role in collagen fibrillogenesis, influencing skin structure and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of collagen V alpha chains (α1(V) and α2(V)) and their coding genes (COL5A1 and COL5A2) in early SSc skin fibrosis.
  • To analyze the morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular characteristics of Col V in the initial stages of SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of skin biopsies from early SSc patients and healthy controls.
  • Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunogold staining to assess protein expression and localization.
  • Immunoblotting to confirm protein expression in cutaneous fibroblasts.
  • Gene expression analysis of COL5A1 and COL5A2.
  • siRNA-mediated knockdown of COL5A2 in SSc fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Increased expression of α1(V) and α2(V) chains in the reticular dermis of early SSc patients.
  • Significantly decreased expression of the α1(V) chain at the dermoepidermal junction in early SSc patients.
  • Overexpression of the α2(V) chain in small vessels and capillaries of the reticular dermis in early SSc.
  • Decreased α1(V) chain expression in SSc fibroblasts after COL5A2 siRNA treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Early SSc is characterized by a significant decrease in the α1(V) chain at the dermoepidermal junction, suggesting altered papillary dermis histoarchitecture.
  • This decrease may involve reduced expression of the α1(V)3 homotrimeric isoform, potentially contributing to SSc-related skin thickening and fibrosis.
  • Aberrant Col V expression patterns highlight potential therapeutic targets for SSc treatment.