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Compliance Checks Decrease Cigarette Sales Rates to Pseudo-Underaged Mystery Shoppers: A Quasi-Experimental Control

Kristin Feltmann1, Johanna Gripenberg1, Tobias H Elgán1

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|October 27, 2022
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Summary

Compliance checks effectively reduce tobacco sales to minors. This study found that implementing compliance checks significantly increased refusal and ID check rates, decreasing sales to underage adolescents.

Keywords:
ID controlage limitscigarettescompliance checksmystery shoppingtobacco lawyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Substance Abuse Prevention

Background:

  • Swedish authorities use compliance checks to enforce age limits on tobacco sales.
  • Compliance checks include retailer notification, mystery shopping, and feedback.
  • Underage tobacco sales remain a public health concern requiring effective control measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of compliance checks in reducing cigarette sales to underage adolescents.
  • To measure changes in refusal rates and ID check rates following compliance checks.

Main Methods:

  • Quasi-experimental design comparing intervention and comparison municipalities in Stockholm County.
  • Test purchases using pseudo-underaged mystery shoppers (18-year-olds) to assess refusal and ID check rates.
  • Data collected at baseline (2017) and follow-up (2019) across 257 retail outlets.

Main Results:

  • In the intervention area, refusal rates increased from 70.4% to 95.8%, and ID check rates rose from 80.3% to 95.8%.
  • In the comparison area, refusal rates slightly increased (80.9% to 85.2%), while ID check rates remained stable (86.1%).
  • Significant interaction effects demonstrated that compliance checks led to different changes in refusal and ID check rates over time.

Conclusions:

  • Compliance checks are an effective strategy for reducing cigarette sales to underage individuals.
  • The findings support the use of compliance checks as a tool for enforcing tobacco age restrictions.
  • Targeted compliance checks can improve adherence to laws preventing youth access to tobacco products.