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Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Patients

Mariana Becker Pfeferman1,2, Daniel Ribeiro da Rocha2, Fernanda Guedes Rodrigues3

  • 1Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA) Medical School, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients show lower mitral valve prolapse rates than previously thought. Increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) is also uncommon in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is linked to cardiovascular issues like left ventricular hypertrophy and valve disorders.
  • Previous studies suggest high prevalence, particularly mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate echocardiographic parameters in a large cohort of ADPKD patients, including hypertensive and normotensive individuals.
  • To assess the association of these parameters with clinical and laboratory findings, irrespective of kidney function.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory, and transthoracic echocardiogram data from 294 young adult ADPKD outpatients.
  • Patients were categorized by blood pressure (hypertensive vs. normotensive) and kidney function (median eGFR 75.5 mL/min/1.73 m²).

Main Results:

  • Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) prevalence was 3.4%, lower than previously reported.
  • Increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was observed in only 2.0% of patients.
  • Other findings included mitral regurgitation (15.3%), tricuspid regurgitation (16.0%), and aortic regurgitation (4.8%).
  • Hypertensive ADPKD patients were older and had lower eGFR compared to normotensive ones.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in adult ADPKD patients appears lower than previously suggested.
  • Significant left ventricular hypertrophy is not a common finding in this ADPKD cohort.
  • Echocardiographic assessment is crucial for understanding cardiovascular involvement in ADPKD.

Keywords:
ADPKDcardiovascularechocardiogramleft ventricular mass indexmitral valve prolapsepolycystic diseasevalvar abnormalities

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