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Research Progress on Fungal Sesterterpenoids Biosynthesis.

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This review details 52 fungal prenyltransferase-terpene synthase (PTTS) enzymes and 100 sesterterpenoids. These enzymes create diverse, complex sesterterpenoids with potential pharmaceutical applications.

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cytochrome P450sesterterpene synthasesesterterpenesterpene biosynthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Sesterterpenoids are rare 25-carbon terpenoids with diverse biological activities.
  • Fungal sesterterpenoids exhibit significant structural variation.
  • Cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) can further modify sesterterpenoids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fungal prenyltransferase-terpene synthase (PTTS) enzymes and their associated sesterterpenoids.
  • To summarize the biosynthetic pathways of fungal sesterterpenoids.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of fungal sesterterpenoid diversity since 2013.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fungal PTTSs and sesterterpenoids.
  • Analysis of sesterterpenoid biosynthetic pathways.
  • Compilation of data on 52 fungal PTTSs and 100 sesterterpenoids.

Main Results:

  • Identification and characterization of 52 fungal PTTSs.
  • Documentation of 100 fungal sesterterpenoids and their biosynthetic pathways.
  • Demonstration of PTTSs' dual capacity for chain lengthening and cyclization.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal PTTSs are responsible for a wide array of structurally diverse sesterterpenoids.
  • These enzymes are crucial for unlocking the potential of fungal natural products.
  • Further research into fungal sesterterpenoids may yield novel therapeutic agents.