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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.7K
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
454
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

31
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
31
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

27
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
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Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.

Wun-Zhih Siao1,2, Yong-Hsin Chen3,4, Chin-Feng Tsai1,2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Managing diabetes mellitus (DM) is crucial for preventing heart failure (HF) due to their frequent coexistence and associated risks. This review explores diabetic cardiomyopathy and treatment strategies, including SGLT2 inhibitors.

Keywords:
diabetes mellitusheart failurepreserved ejection fractionreduced ejection fractionsodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, increasing mortality and hospitalization risks.
  • The prevalence of both DM and HF is rising globally, necessitating effective management strategies.
  • Concomitant DM and HF result in a worse prognosis compared to either condition alone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and prognosis of coexisting DM and HF.
  • To explain the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and its link to HF with preserved ejection fraction.
  • To summarize therapeutic approaches, including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and SGLT2 inhibitors for managing DM and HF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on DM, HF, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of the relationship between DM and HF with preserved ejection fraction.
  • Evaluation of the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in DM patients with HF.

Main Results:

  • DM and HF significantly increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Diabetic cardiomyopathy plays a key role in the pathophysiology of HF in diabetic patients.
  • Emerging evidence supports the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in managing HF in patients with DM.

Conclusions:

  • Effective DM management is critical for preventing HF and improving patient outcomes.
  • Understanding diabetic cardiomyopathy is essential for targeted therapeutic interventions.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic option for patients with both DM and HF.