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Related Concept Videos

Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

114
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
114
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

222
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
222
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

149
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
149
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

127
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
127
Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

115
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
115
Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

106
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
106

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
09:06

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

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Quick Curing Mechanisms for All-Season Paints and Renders.

Ivan Cabrera1, Markus Rückel1, Volodymyr Boyko1

  • 1BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new mechanism for all-season paints, focusing on fast film formation for early integrity. This approach ensures early rain resistance in cold, damp weather and workability in warm, dry conditions.

Keywords:
all-season paintcolloidal stabilitydryingearly rain resistancelatexwaterborne coatings

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Coatings Technology

Background:

  • Architectural coatings face challenges balancing quick curing (early rain resistance) with workability and aesthetics across diverse environmental conditions.
  • Current winter paints use inhibited coagulants for early rain resistance, which is not ideal for all-season performance.
  • Achieving year-round performance in paints requires a novel approach to film formation and integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the colloidal physics differences between traditional winter paint mechanisms and a new all-season paint system.
  • To investigate a novel mechanism for achieving early rain resistance and optimal workability in paints under various environmental conditions.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of the new system to wood coatings and organic renders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced physical characterization techniques including electrophoretic mobility, dynamic light scattering, and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  • Conducted application tests to evaluate paint performance under different environmental conditions.
  • Analyzed colloidal physics to understand the mechanisms of early rain resistance and film formation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a new mechanism for all-season paints based on fast paint film formation and high early integrity.
  • Demonstrated that this new system provides early rain resistance in cold, damp conditions and maintains workability in high temperatures and dry conditions.
  • Successfully transferred the new system to wood coatings and organic renders, showing its versatility.

Conclusions:

  • All-season paints achieve desired performance through rapid film formation and early integrity, not solely through coagulants triggered by base evaporation.
  • The new colloidal physics mechanism offers a significant advancement for architectural coatings, enabling year-round application and performance.
  • The developed system shows broad applicability beyond architectural paints, extending to wood coatings and organic renders.