Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

402
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
402
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

12.8K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
12.8K
Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress01:23

Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress

436
Mohr's circle is a graphical method for identifying the state of stress at a point in a material, making it easier to analyze stress transformations under plane stress conditions. This two-dimensional technique visualizes both normal and shearing stresses on an element.
Consider a set of Cartesian coordinates. The horizontal and vertical axes correspond to normal stress (σ) and shearing stress (τ), respectively. Two points, points A and B, are defined by the normal and shear...
436
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

237
In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
237
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

8.1K
A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
8.1K
Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain01:18

Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain

640
Mohr's circle is a crucial graphical method used to analyze plane strain by plotting strain on a set of cartesian coordinates, where the abscissa is normal strain ∈ and the ordinate is shear strain γ. Similarly to Mohr’s circle for plane stress, two points X and Y are plotted. Their coordinates are (∈x, -γXY) and (∈Y, γXY), respectively.
Mohr's circle visually represents the strain states under various conditions, which is essential for...
640

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The First Wave: National Adoption and Economic Shifts of Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion in Hospital-Owned Ambulatory Surgery Centers.

Global spine journal·2026
Same author

Sustainable and green novel sorbent-based immobilization of PFAS and their enhanced adsorption to treat environmental contamination.

Critical reviews in biotechnology·2026
Same author

Efficacy of combination of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotic strains against mixed infections of bovine Rotavirus A and Cryptosporidium parvum induced diarrhea by modulating host immune response in mouse model.

Microbial pathogenesis·2026
Same author

Comparison of 90-Day Medical Complications, Emergency Department Utilizations, and Readmissions for Corticosteroid Users Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same author

Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation.

Beilstein journal of nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Advancements in sagittal alignment parameters and management of adult spine deformities.

Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.0K

Corrugations in Free-Standing Graphene.

Rajendra Singh1, Daniel Scheinecker1, Ursula Ludacka1

  • 1Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Corrugations in graphene, a 2D material, depend on preparation methods and sample size. Controlling these factors, like surface contamination and electron beam exposure, can tune graphene

Keywords:
corrugationselectron diffractionelectron microscopygraphene

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

15.6K
Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 23, 2025

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.0K
Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

15.6K
Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials, like graphene, exhibit out-of-plane bending affecting their properties.
  • Spontaneous corrugations are a known characteristic of graphene, but influencing factors are not well-studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate factors influencing corrugations in free-standing graphene.
  • To understand how preparation methods, area size, contamination, and electron beam exposure impact graphene corrugation.

Main Methods:

  • Electron diffraction was used to analyze corrugations in graphene.
  • Systematic study of free-standing graphene areas of varying sizes (1.7μm and 3.0μm diameters).
  • Comparison of mechanically exfoliated vs. chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene.

Main Results:

  • Mechanically exfoliated graphene showed lower corrugation (0.83±0.10 Å) than CVD graphene (1.33±0.20 Å) for 1.7μm areas.
  • Corrugation amplitude more than doubled with increased free-standing area diameter (1.7μm to 3.0μm).
  • Electron beam irradiation had dual effects: reducing contamination-induced corrugation but increasing disorder-induced corrugation.

Conclusions:

  • Sample preparation and post-treatment control can significantly alter corrugation in free-standing 2D materials.
  • Findings suggest new possibilities for tuning 2D material properties for advanced applications.
  • Understanding corrugation is key to optimizing graphene's performance in various technologies.