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Related Concept Videos

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Challenges, Progress, and Strategies.

Qiancheng Zhu1, Chun Ye1, Deyu Mao1

  • 1School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lithium-sulfur batteries offer high capacity but face safety issues with liquid electrolytes. Solid-state electrolytes improve safety but require further development for better conductivity and interface contact.

Keywords:
composite electrolyteinorganic solid electrolytelithium–sulfur batterypolymer electrolytesolid electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are promising due to high capacity and low cost.
  • Liquid electrolytes in LSBs suffer from flammability and polysulfide shuttle, impacting safety and lifespan.
  • Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer enhanced safety and dendrite suppression for lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and challenges in lithium-sulfur battery technology.
  • To analyze the limitations of solid-state electrolytes in SSLSBs.
  • To discuss various types of SSEs and strategies for performance enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of research on lithium-sulfur batteries and solid-state electrolytes.
  • Classification and comparison of polymer, inorganic, and composite solid electrolytes.
  • Analysis of advantages, disadvantages, and coping strategies for different electrolyte types.

Main Results:

  • SSEs present challenges including lower ionic conductivity, poor interfacial contact, and narrow electrochemical windows.
  • Different SSE types (polymer, inorganic, composite) exhibit unique pros and cons.
  • Various strategies exist to mitigate SSE limitations and improve SSLSB performance.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state electrolytes are crucial for advancing safe and long-lasting lithium-sulfur batteries.
  • Overcoming SSE conductivity and interfacial issues is key to commercializing SSLSBs.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing SSEs for high-performance energy storage applications.