Effect of Biomass as Nucleating Agents on Crystallization Behavior of Polylactic Acid

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most productive biodegradable materials. Its bio-based source makes it truly carbon neutral. However, PLA is hard to crystallize as indicated by a low crystallization rate and a low crystallinity under conventional processing conditions, which limits its wider application. One of the most effective ways to enhance the crystallization ability of PLA is to add nucleating agents. In the context of increasing global environmental awareness and the decreasing reserves of traditional petroleum-based materials, biomass nucleating agents, compared with commonly used petroleum-based nucleating agents, have received widespread attention in recent years due to their abundance, biodegradability and renewability. This paper summarizes the research progress on biomass nucleating agents for regulating the crystallization behavior of polylactic acid. Examples of biomass nucleating agents include cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, amino acid, cyclodextrins, starch, wood flour and natural plant fiber. Such green components from biomass for PLA are believed to be a promising solution for the development of a wholly green PLA-based system or composites.