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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Corn: Its Structure, Polymer, Fiber, Composite, Properties, and Applications.

Abdulrahman A B A Mohammed1, Zaimah Hasan1, Abdoulhdi A Borhana Omran2,3

  • 1Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia.

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This review explores corn fiber and corn starch biocomposites as eco-friendly alternatives to plastics. Treatments like plasticizing and chemical modification significantly enhance their mechanical and thermal properties for broader applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Biocomposite materials offer sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics, reducing environmental impact.
  • Corn fiber and corn starch are abundant natural resources with potential for biocomposite development.
  • Applications span diverse industries including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and oil/gas equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and discuss existing research on corn fiber and corn starch-based biocomposites.
  • To analyze the impact of various treatments on the properties of these biocomposites.
  • To evaluate the potential of enhanced biocomposites in various industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of published data on corn starch and corn fiber biocomposites.
  • Analysis of chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
  • Investigation of plasticizer effects on flexibility.
  • Evaluation of chemical treatments, cross-linking agents, and surface treatments.
  • Discussion of morphological, crystallinity, permeability, degradation, and water uptake characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Corn starch-based composites exhibit distinct chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
  • Plasticizers significantly improve the flexibility of corn starch composites.
  • Chemical treatments and cross-linking agents enhance overall biocomposite properties.
  • Surface treatments improve interfacial adhesion between corn fiber and the polymer matrix.
  • Modified biopolymers show improved mechanical, thermal, and water resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Biocomposites derived from corn fiber and starch demonstrate significant property enhancements through various modification techniques.
  • Plasticizing, chemical treatments, grafting, and cross-linking agents are effective in improving mechanical, thermal, and water resistance.
  • These improvements expand the potential applications of corn-based biopolymers in diverse fields.