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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

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MIMO Antennas: Design Approaches, Techniques and Applications.

Preeti Sharma^1,2, Rakesh N Tiwari³, Prabhakar Singh¹

¹Physics Division, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 27, 2022

Summary

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas are crucial for modern wireless systems, enabling high data rates. This review explores MIMO antenna designs for 5G and 6G, focusing on ultra-wideband, dual-band, and circularly polarized types.

Keywords:

5G technology 6G technology MIMO antennas circularly polarized MIMO antennas diversity parameters dual-band isolation techniques

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Area of Science:

Wireless Communication Engineering
Antenna Theory and Design
Signal Processing

Background:

Modern wireless systems demand high data rates and reliability, exceeding single-antenna capabilities.
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas are essential for current wireless technologies, significantly increasing channel capacity.
Achieving optimal isolation in compact MIMO antenna systems for 5G terminals presents a significant design challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamentals, performance parameters, and design methodologies of MIMO antennas.
To discuss design approaches for ultra-wideband (UWB), dual-band, and circularly polarized MIMO antennas.
To analyze and compare recent MIMO antenna designs based on isolation, gain, efficiency, ECC, and CCL.

Main Methods:

Literature review of MIMO antenna fundamentals and design principles.
Comparative analysis of various MIMO antenna designs (UWB, dual-band, circularly polarized).
Discussion of performance metrics including isolation, gain, efficiency, Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL).

Main Results:

MIMO antenna systems are vital for high-speed communication, with specific designs tailored for UWB, dual-band, and circular polarization.
Recent designs offer improved isolation techniques, gain, and efficiency, crucial for applications like 5G and beyond.
Performance metrics like ECC and CCL are analyzed to evaluate antenna suitability for different wireless applications.

Conclusions:

This review provides a comprehensive guide for designing MIMO antennas suitable for diverse applications including UWB, satellite, GSM, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and WLAN.
Challenges in indoor MIMO environments are discussed, with potential solutions for performance enhancement.
The review highlights the applicability of MIMO characteristics for future 6G technology development.