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Related Concept Videos

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Updated: Aug 23, 2025

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Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Emerging Vaccine Platform.

Dharmendra Kashyap1, Mrutyunjaya Panda2, Budhadev Baral1

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.

Vaccines
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are emerging as potent vaccine adjuvants, offering improved immune responses compared to traditional options. Research is exploring engineered OMVs for safer and more effective OMV-based vaccines, including for SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
adjuvantsouter membrane vesicles (OMV)vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional vaccine adjuvants like alum can cause side effects due to their inorganic nature.
  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized particles secreted by gram-negative bacteria.
  • OMVs offer benefits for infection bioengineering due to their secretory nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).
  • To explore the potential of OMVs as adjuvants in OMV-based vaccines.
  • To discuss the engineering of OMVs for enhanced safety and efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OMVs and vaccine adjuvants.
  • Analysis of OMV properties relevant to adjuvant function.
  • Discussion of ongoing research and clinical trials for OMV-based vaccines.

Main Results:

  • OMVs can significantly enhance the immune capacity of recombinant vaccines.
  • Engineered OMVs show promise for improved safety profiles.
  • OMV-based vaccines are under investigation for various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

  • OMVs represent a promising platform for next-generation vaccine adjuvants.
  • Further research and engineering of OMVs are crucial for optimizing their use in vaccines.
  • OMV-based vaccines offer a potential advancement in vaccine technology with broad applicability.